Common Tunnel Construction Methods
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Release time:
2024-08-06
Common tunneling methods include the full-face method, step method, circular island-pit method (with a reserved soil core), double-sided pilot tunnel method, central diaphragm method, mining method, tunnel boring machine method, cut-and-cover method, top-down method, shallow buried underground excavation method, shield method, and immersed tube method, among others.
The full-face method is suitable for Grade I–III surrounding rock conditions, featuring large excavation sections that allow for deep-hole blasting to accelerate the excavation process. It enables one-time shaping of the tunnel profile, minimizes disturbance to the surrounding rock, provides ample working space, and facilitates the use of large-scale machinery.
The step method includes three types: the long-step method, the short-step method, and the micro-step method. It is suitable for situations where the surrounding rock can remain stable over a short period of time, and it is the construction method adopted by the vast majority of tunnels in China.
The Circular Island Pit Method (with Reserved Soil Core) stabilizes the tunnel face using a central soil core, followed by excavation of the side walls on both sides and the central core soil, and finally the invert arch. This construction approach features simple steps, enabling faster progress in project execution.
The double-sided pilot tunnel method and the central diaphragm method are suitable for tunnels requiring special geological conditions or specialized construction techniques.
The mine method and the tunnel boring machine method are the primary construction techniques for mountain tunnels, with the mine method further divided into the traditional mine method and the New Austrian Tunneling Method.
Cut-and-cover method, deck-over method, shallow-buried tunneling method, and shield method are suitable for shallowly buried and soft-soil tunnels.
The immersed tube method and the shield method are the primary construction techniques for underwater tunnels.
These methods are chosen based on factors such as the tunnel's geographic location, geological conditions, tunnel length, and the feasibility of construction techniques.
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